Hydrogen Storage Cylinder | sh-uh hydrogen shop

Hydrogen Storage Cylinder

A hydrogen tank is a container specifically used to store gaseous or liquid hydrogen, which can be used in fields including fuel cells and electrolyzer systems, rockets and space flight. Hydrogen storage technology is generally divided into two categories: physical type and material type. The physical type includes compressed gas hydrogen storage, cryogenic compressed hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and other methods. There are currently five types of hydrogen storage bottles.

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Types of Hydrogen Tanks

Type 1

Type 1 tanks are the most basic and common gas cylinders, made entirely of metal, typically steel or aluminum alloys.

Operating Pressure: 200 to 300 bar
Typical Density: Around 15 grams of hydrogen per liter
Material: All-metal construction (steel or aluminum alloys)
Manufacturing Process: Typically produced through forging or deep drawing processes

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Type 2

Type 2 tanks are an improvement over Type 1, featuring a metal liner with partial fiber reinforcement.

Operating Pressure: 100 to 500 bar
Typical Density: Around 20 grams of hydrogen per liter
Material: Metal liner (usually steel or aluminum) with partial fiber reinforcement (typically glass fiber)
Manufacturing Process: Metal liner production followed by filament winding of reinforcement

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Type 3

Type 3 tanks mark a significant advancement in hydrogen storage technology, particularly for vehicle applications.

Operating Pressure: Up to 350 bar (some designs up to 700 bar)
Typical Density: Around 25 grams of hydrogen per liter
Material: Metal liner (typically aluminum) with full composite overwrap (carbon fiber)
Manufacturing Process: Aluminum liner production followed by full composite overwrapping using automated fiber placement or filament winding

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Type 4

Type 4 tanks represent the current state-of-the-art in high-pressure hydrogen storage for mobile applications.

Operating Pressure: Up to 700 bar (some designs up to 875 bar)
Typical Density: Around 40 grams of hydrogen per liter
Material: Polymer liner (typically high-density polyethylene or polyamide) with full composite overwrap (carbon fiber)
Manufacturing Process: Polymer liner production (often through rotational molding or blow molding) followed by full composite overwrapping

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Type 5

Type 5 tanks are the most advanced and experimental design, featuring a linerless all-composite construction.

Operating Pressure: Variable, depending on specific design
Typical Density: Around 20 grams of hydrogen per liter (potential for higher densities with advanced designs)
Material: Full composite construction without a separate liner
Manufacturing Process: Advanced composite layup techniques, potentially including in-situ consolidated thermoplastic composites

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